Saturday, 18 January 2014

49 - Understanding Blood gases part 6 of 6

KYJ 49 - Blood Gas series -part 6
Base Excess.
The Base excess is a measure of  how radically deviated the metabolic system is.  The base excess (BE) normal value is between -2 to +2 ( some texts site -3 - +3).

It is loosely influenced by bicarbonate (base or alkali). Many authors suggest that BE is the better value used to determine metabolic acidosis or alkalosis. One colleague of mine in the #FOAMed world (Chris Nickson who writes for "Life in the Fast Lane") states that

"Bicarbonate levels are not an ideal indicator of either metabolic or respiratory components of acid-base disturbance because it is affected by both.
Furthermore the relationship between metabolic acidosis and bicarbonate is neither consistent nor linear."

 This essentially means that the more acidotic a person is, the bicarb does not necessarily change in a predictable way.  And I agree. But it is nonetheless an indicator as to whether the acidosis is respiratory or metabolic.

Unlike pH or CO2, the concentration of the bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) (in mEq/L)  is not measured, it is calculated from the PCO2 and pH.

As more less bicarb is excreted, the BE swings further into negative ( less than -3.  Eg -5 or -7).  The opposite occurs with accumulation of bicarb (base).  The more there is, the more positive will be the BE. (>+3)

There it is BE or HCO3- for me Bicarb is quick and easy and does the job. But BE could be used as a well accepted alternative.

And that is Blood gases in 6 easy posts.  I do teach these in a face to face workshop, and if you are interested in a respiratory seminar including ABGs in your town, let me know. I travel anywhere for 10 or more.
What's our next topic?

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